The Professional Accountants in Business (PAIB) Committee of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) has released a new International Good Practice Guidance publication, Evaluating and Improving Costing in Organizations, which establishes six fundamental principles that can help professional accountants and their organizations to evaluate and improve their approach to costing. The guidance recognizes the importance of distinguishing between the purposes and information needs of cost accounting to meet the demands of external reporting, cost measurement, and reporting for internal decision support. A companion document, Costing Levels Maturity Model, has also been published to help professional accountants decide what level of costing sophistication to use given organizational requirements and the needs of managers and employees.

"Professional accountants have a significant role to play in ensuring that they, and the costing models and systems they use, provide relevant information and analysis to support performance evaluation and planning and management decisions," says Roger Tabor, Chair of the PAIB Committee. "Good costing information is essential to interpret and analyze past performance. And it can be used predictively to guide decisions about many aspects of an organization's future operations. These activities are different, and the guidance is designed to help professional accountants provide valuable information to their management customers."

This IFAC guidance is targeted to professionals working in commerce and industry, as well as the public sector, education, and the not-for-profit sector. It recognizes that, when used effectively, costing can provide clear and timely information. The guidance cautions, however, that all cost information is not created equal: Highly aggregated cost information, for example, which is compiled for external reporting purposes, may not reflect such relationships closely enough to support future strategic and operational decisions.    

The new Costing Levels Maturity Model can also help professional accountants exercise professional judgment to assess their organization's existing costing capability for supporting internal managerial analysis and decisions. The PAIB Committee seeks comments from professional accountants and IFAC member bodies on the model to help its continued development.

Evaluating and Improving Costing in Organizations and Costing Levels Maturity Model can be downloaded free of charge from the PAIB section of the IFAC online bookstore at www.ifac.org/store. The PAIB Committee welcomes all feedback, which can be emailed to paib@ifac.org.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 123 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) has issued a revised Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (the Code), clarifying requirements for all professional accountants and significantly strengthening the independence requirements of auditors. The revised Code has been released following the consideration and approval by the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB) of due process and extensive public interest consultation.The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) has issued a revised Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (the Code), clarifying requirements for all professional accountants and significantly strengthening the independence requirements of auditors. The revised Code has been released following the consideration and approval by the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB) of due process and extensive public interest consultation.

"Strong and clear independence standards are vital to investor trust in financial reporting," emphasizes IESBA Chair Richard George. "The increase in trust and certainty that flow from familiarity with standards, including a common understanding of what it means to be independent when providing assurance services, will contribute immeasurably to a reduction in barriers to international capital flows."

The revised Code, which is effective on January 1, 2011, includes the following changes to strengthen independence requirements:

• Extending the independence requirements for audits of listed entities to all public interest entities;
• Requiring a cooling off period before certain members of the firm can join public interest audit clients in certain specified positions;
• Extending partner rotation requirements to all key audit partners;
• Strengthening some of the provisions related to the provision of non-assurance services to audit clients;
• Requiring a pre- or post-issuance review if total fees from a public interest audit client exceed 15% of the total fees of the firm for two consecutive years; and
• Prohibiting key audit partners from being evaluated on or compensated for selling non-assurance services to their audit clients.

The revised Code maintains the principles-based approach supplemented by detailed requirements where necessary, resulting in a Code that is robust but also sufficiently flexible to address the wide-ranging circumstances encountered by professional accountants.

"This approach should also help to facilitate global convergence," points out Mr. George.

The International Federation of Accountants' Statements of Membership Obligations have as a central objective the convergence of a country's national code with the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. Further, the requirements specify that member bodies should not apply less stringent standards than those stated in the Code.

"It is especially critical that member bodies focus on the implementation of the revised Code as soon as possible," emphasizes Mr. George. "To help them in this process, the IESBA plans to provide them with some additional support and guidance in the coming months."  

About the IESBA and IFAC
The IESBA develops ethical standards and guidance for use by all professional accountants under a shared standard-setting process involving the Public Interest Oversight Board, which oversees the activities of the IESBA, and the IESBA Consultative Advisory Group, which provides public interest input into the development of the Code.

IFAC (www.ifac.org), the global organization for the accountancy profession with 157 members and associates in 123 countries, shares in the development and promotes the adoption and implementation of international standards and develops guidance to foster high-quality practice by professional accountants working in business, public practice, government, and education.

The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and its Small and Medium Practices (SMP) Committee welcome the release of the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs) by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). IFAC encourages its 157 member organizations to carefully consider how to use the standard in their respective jurisdictions.The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and its Small and Medium Practices (SMP) Committee welcome the release of the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs) by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). IFAC encourages its 157 member organizations to carefully consider how to use the standard in their respective jurisdictions.

"This global accounting standard represents a very significant step on the path to global convergence of financial reporting practices by SMEs. It will contribute to enhancing the quality and comparability of SME financial statements around the world and assist SMEs in gaining access to finance," remarks IFAC Chief Executive Ian Ball, adding, "The beneficiaries will be not only SMEs, but also their customers, clients, and all other users of SME financial statements."

IFAC, largely through its SMP Committee, has been closely following and supporting this project since its inception. It has provided input to the IASB to assist it in reaching a solution that will contribute to the quality of SME financial reporting without placing costly and unnecessary compliance burdens on SMEs.

Sylvie Voghel, chair of the IFAC SMP Committee, points out, "This standard is a significant development; however, its issuance is not the end of the story, but rather the opening chapter. Consistent and effective implementation will demand a concerted international effort to mobilize the necessary support for companies and preparers. The development of free training materials by the International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation is a very positive step in this direction."  

Ms. Voghel adds, "The IASB will also need to monitor the implementation of the IFRS for SMEs and be prepared to revise and update it. Such flexibility is key to ensuring its continued relevance and usability."

IFAC is currently considering the role it can play together with its member bodies to facilitate implementation of the new standard.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 123 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

To enhance the usability of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) and thus facilitate global convergence, the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) has launched an improvements project with the release of Exposure Draft (ED) 42, Improvements to IPSASs. This ED is the first of a proposed series of annual improvements to the IPSASs and is modeled on the successful annual improvements program developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

The proposed amendments in the ED are related primarily to the recognition, measurement, or disclosure requirements but do not represent substantive revisions to the content of existing standards. They reflect changes made by the IASB to related International Financial Reporting Standards.

"The financial reporting world of the public sector is a dynamic one," states Mike Hathorn, IPSASB Chairman, "and it is necessary for the IPSASB to continually reassess the IPSASs to ensure that they are relevant to users of public sector financial statements and easy to use by preparers of financial statements."

How to Comment
Comments on ED 42 are requested by September 30, 2009. The ED may be viewed by going to www.ifac.org/Guidance/EXD-Outstanding.php. Respondents are asked to send their comments electronically through the IFAC website, using the "Submit a Comment" link on the Exposure Drafts and Consultation Papers page. Please note that first-time users must register to use this new feature. Although IFAC prefers that comments be submitted using the online submission system, e-mail may continue to be sent to edcomments@ifac.org and stepheniefox@ifac.org. Comments can also be faxed to the attention of the IPSASB Technical Director at +1 (416) 977-8585, or mailed to the IPSASB Technical Director at 277 Wellington Street West, 4th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5V 3H2, Canada. All comments will be considered a matter of public record and will ultimately be posted on the IFAC website.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 123 countries, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. In addition to setting international public sector financial reporting standards through the IPSASB, IFAC sets ethics, auditing and assurance, and education standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.

The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) applauds the call by the US President for urgent progress toward the "development of a single set of high-quality global accounting standards." These standards were one element of the proposal for regulatory reform, issued at a press conference on Wednesday, that Mr. Obama called "necessary to avoid another financial crisis."

"The President's acknowledgment of the importance of developing a high-quality set of global accounting standards reflects the importance of global standards and a level playing field in financial reporting," says Ian Ball, Chief Executive Officer, IFAC. He also noted that the US position is consistent with the G-20's call for "substantial progress by year-end 2009." IFAC wrote to the G-20 in support of convergence to global standards before their meeting in London last April.

Convergence to global standards is an idea that IFAC supports strongly-not only in accounting but also in auditing, ethics, and public sector accounting standards, all of which are important to the functioning of global capital markets.

The complete White Paper issued by Mr. Obama's office, prepared by the United States Treasury Department, can be found at https://www.financialstability.gov/docs/regs/FinalReport_web.pdf.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 123 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. Through its independent standard-setting boards, IFAC sets international ethics, auditing and assurance, education, and public sector accounting standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.

The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) welcome the statement released today by IOSCO on International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) that recognizes the important role of ISAs "in facilitating cross-border securities offerings and listings." The IOSCO statement also welcomes the achievement of the completion of the Clarity Project, noting the improvements that have been made as a result of clarifying the ISA requirements.

"IOSCO's endorsement of the clarified ISAs and its encouragement of securities regulators to accept audits performed in accordance with the clarified ISAs is consistent with the IAASB's long-held objective of developing and promoting adoption of a high-quality set of auditing standards for use in all audits worldwide," states IAASB Chair Arnold Schilder.

IFAC, in its letter to the G-20 Working Group 1 in March, expressed its view that the global adoption of ISAs will improve the quality and consistency of the audit of financial information. Currently, more than 100 jurisdictions around the world use ISAs or base their national standards on them. Increased adoption of ISAs will facilitate greater transparency and result in higher standards of accountability.

"The IOSCO statement is testimony to the success of the standard-setting process for International Standards on Auditing, in which responsibility is shared between the public sector and the private sector," states IFAC President Robert Bunting. "It is vital that the standard-setting process operates in, and is seen to operate in, the public interest. Oversight of the IAASB's work by the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB) and the role of the IAASB's Consultative Advisory Group play critical roles in ensuring that the standards do reflect the public interest."

The IOSCO statement echoes support for the clarified ISAs expressed by the World Bank and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.

About the IAASB and IFAC
The objective of the IAASB is to serve the public interest by setting high-quality auditing and assurance standards and by facilitating the convergence of international and national standards, thereby enhancing the quality and uniformity of practice throughout the world and strengthening public confidence in the global auditing and assurance profession. The PIOB oversees the activities of the IAASB, and, as one element of that oversight, establishes the criteria for its due process and working procedures.

IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 123 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. In addition to setting international auditing and assurance standards, IFAC sets ethics, education, and public sector accounting standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.

During its meeting in Dublin, Ireland, last week, the Board of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) agreed to hold a G-20 Accountancy Summit on July 23-24 in London to obtain the perspectives of accountancy institutes on how the profession can best contribute to strengthening the global financial system.

"Our goal is to identify and summarize the collective viewpoints of IFAC and accountancy institutes in G-20 countries and to submit these to the G-20 Working Groups prior to their September meeting," says IFAC President Robert Bunting. "This will be a follow up to IFAC's letter to three G-20 Working Groups in March, in which we indicated our support of their recommendations to implement international standards, improve the international regulatory framework, and strengthen the roles of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank."

During the meeting, Board members considered the implications of the financial crisis and heard reports from the chairs of IFAC's independent standard-setting boards on their initiatives to update and develop new international auditing, education, ethics, and public sector accounting standards, particularly in those areas that would help the profession to address issues related to the financial crisis, and to adopt and promote their adoption and use by a wide group of stakeholders. Such adoption and implementation is vital to improving the transparency of the financial system and is consistent with G-20 recommendations.

In addition, the Board discussed how IFAC can best support small and medium practices, including assisting them in addressing issues emerging from the financial crisis and increasing awareness of the role of professional accountants in business in risk management, corporate governance, and transparent financial reporting.

"In addressing the current financial crisis, IFAC has remained focused on its commitment to serving the public by strengthening the profession and working together with other constituencies-business leaders, governments, international organizations, and regulators-to strengthen financial reporting and auditing," emphasizes Mr. Bunting.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 123 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. Through its independent standard-setting boards, IFAC sets international ethics, auditing and assurance, education, and public sector accounting standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.

At its May 18–21 meeting in Washington DC, the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) reaffirmed its commitment to its global convergence program and the development of standards dealing with financial instruments.

The IPSASB confirmed that it will continue its full consultation on exposure drafts (EDs): ED 37, Financial Instruments: Presentation, ED 38, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, and ED 39, Financial Instruments: Disclosures, while recognizing the intention of the  International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to modify aspects of its current standards relating to the measurement of financial instruments. The IPSASB will consider any changes ultimately adopted by the IASB in due course.

“The IPSASB believes the public sector and its constituents are best served by having International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) on financial instruments and removing reliance on the hierarchy at this time. The IPSASB strategy will provide stability for users and allow the IPSASB to manage the current period of uncertainty. The current global financial crisis underlines the importance of consistent financial reporting by governments of their exposures to financial instruments,” states Mike Hathorn, Chair of the IPSASB.

How to Comment
Comments on EDs 37–39 are requested by July 31, 2009.  The EDs may be viewed by going to www.ifac.org/EDs. Comments may be submitted by email to EDComments@ifac.org and stepheniefox@ifac.org. They can also be faxed to the attention of the IPSASB Technical Director at +1 (416) 977-8585, or mailed to the IPSASB Technical Director at 277 Wellington Street West, 4th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5V 3H2, Canada. All comments will be considered a matter of public record and will ultimately be posted on the IFAC website.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 123 countries, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. In addition to setting international public sector financial reporting standards through the IPSASB, IFAC, through its independent standard-setting boards, sets ethics, auditing and assurance, and education standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.

The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) released its 2008 annual report today, highlighting initiatives to help restore global financial stability and, in addition, describing how some of IFAC's core work-developing international standards and guidance-became even more relevant in the current economic environment.

"As a result of the crisis, some of the ideas IFAC has been communicating for decades are resonating with greater force," said Ian Ball, Chief Executive Officer. "Chief among these is the need for convergence to global standards."

The report features messages from IFAC's immediate Past President Fermín del Valle, IFAC Chief Executive Officer Ian Ball, and Public Interest Oversight Board Chair Professor Stavros Thomadakis, who commented, "As in past years, IFAC has continued its commitment to the public interest, both in what has been achieved already and in priorities established for the future." In addition, it includes reports from the chairs of the Consultative Advisory Groups to IFAC's independent standard-setting boards.

A key feature of the report is its Service Delivery section, which compares IFAC's planned services with those delivered in five areas:

• Standards and Guidance
• Promoting Quality
• International Collaboration Activities
• Representation of the Accountancy Profession in the Public Interest
• Information Services

"This section of the annual report-which comprehensively describes the services delivered by IFAC in 2008-is critical in demonstrating IFAC's accountability to its stakeholders," said Mr. Ball, adding, "For this reason, we have sought and received assurance from our independent auditors about the reliability of this information."

The annual report describes the actions taken, over the past year, by IFAC and its standard-setting boards in advancing convergence of auditing, ethics, and public sector accounting standards; revising and updating the independence standards of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants; establishing a new framework for International Education Standards; and developing new benchmark guidance for professional accountants in business, as well as for small- and medium-sized practices.

The IFAC 2008 annual report can be downloaded from the IFAC website at www.ifac.org/About/2008-annual-report.php. Print copies may be obtained by sending an email with your mailing address to communications@ifac.org.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 123 countries, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. In addition to setting international public sector financial reporting standards through the IPSASB, IFAC, through its independent standard-setting boards, sets ethics, auditing and assurance, and education standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.

The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) has published a French-language translation of its 2007 Handbook of International Public Sector Accounting Pronouncements. This edition contains translations of 24 accrual basis International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) and the comprehensive cash basis IPSAS. This translation revises the French edition of the 2005 Handbook of International Public Sector Accounting Pronouncements and will increase the accessibility of the most recent standards. This will further help to enhance the accountability and transparency of governmental financial reporting. Key changes from the previous translation include three additional IPSASs and revised versions of eleven other IPSASs.

IPSASs set out the requirements for financial reporting by governments and other public sector entities other than government business enterprises. The accrual IPSASs are based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to the extent that the requirements in those standards are applicable to the public sector.

"Providing an updated French translation is critical to the IPSASB's mission to assist public sector entities throughout the world, and, in particular, in the key constituencies of Francophone Europe, Africa, and North America," states Mike Hathorn, IPSASB Chairman.

The French translation of the IPSASs was undertaken by the IPSASB in conjunction with the International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation, which also prepares translations of IFRSs for the IASB. This will ensure that the English and French versions of the IPSASs converge with the respective English and French versions of the IFRSs, where appropriate.

It is important to note, however, that the English version of the IPSASs is the official authoritative version of the standards. The 2009 Handbook was recently released in English.

The French handbook is available free of charge in an electronic version from the IPSASB section of the IFAC online bookstore (www.ifac.org/store).

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org/) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 123 countries, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. In addition to setting international public sector financial reporting standards through the IPSASB, IFAC, through its independent standard-setting boards, sets ethics, auditing and assurance, and education standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.