This paper discusses the public interest considerations relevant to the application of International Standards of Auditing (ISAs), set by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), for audits of small- and medium-sized entities (SMEs). It highlights how IFAC and the IAASB take into account the needs and views of SMEs and small- and medium-sized accountancy practices (SMPs), as well as describing initiatives undertaken so that ISAs can be used cost-effectively for the financial statement audits of entities of all sizes.

The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), the global organization for the accountancy profession with members and associates in 127 countries, welcomes the Spanish translation of the Handbook of International Public Sector Accounting Pronouncements – 2011 Edition.

This Spanish translation was undertaken by faculty members from the Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, at the University of Zaragoza, Spain. It has been reviewed by an international committee consisting of public sector experts from Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Spain, and Uruguay.

“This Handbook provides a comprehensive set of accounting requirements and guidance developed specifically for preparers of public sector financial statements. Due to the increasing pace of adoption in Spain and Latin America of these standards, this Spanish language translation is especially welcome,” said Andreas Bergmann, Chairman of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB).

IFAC’s Chief Executive Officer Ian Ball stated, “Availability of this translation will facilitate and support the adoption and implementation of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards in Spanish-speaking countries. The current sovereign debt issues in many countries around the world makes clear that financial management and reporting reform in the public sector is sorely needed. This translation will help contribute to that reform, as well as to enhanced comparability, transparency, and accountability in the public sector globally.” 

IFAC is presenting a global seminar, The Sovereign Debt Crisis, A Matter of Urgency—from Lessons to Reform, March 19-20, 2012.  The Seminar will feature prestigious guest speakers that include: Vincenzo LaVia, Chief Financial Officer of the World Bank Group; Hon. David Walker, Founder and CEO of the Comeback America Initiative and Former United States Comptroller General; and Göran Persson, Former Prime Minister of Sweden.  The two-day seminar will include discussions on the role of IPSAS adoption and implementation, the success of  accrual accounting, the role of the finance professional in reform and convergence, the complexity of public interest reporting, and more. For more information please contact sdseminar@ifac.org.

A Spanish translation of IPSASB’s Study 14 - Transition to the Accrual Basis of Accounting: Guidance for Governments and Government Entities was also recently published.

Both projects were made possible with the assistance of the World Bank and contributions from the government of Spain through the Spanish Fund for Latin America and the Caribbean. These publications can be downloaded free of charge in PDF format from the IFAC website. They have not been published in print format. Reproduction, distribution or dissemination of these publications requires permission of IFAC. Contact permissions@ifac.org for further information. For an overview of translations of IFAC’s publications, please visit the IFAC Translations Database: www.ifac.org/about-ifac/translations-permissions/translations-database.

About the IPSASB
The IPSASB develops accounting standards and guidance for use by public sector entities. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IPSASB are facilitated by IFAC. The IPSASB receives support (both direct financial and in-kind) from the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the United Nations and the governments of Canada, China, New Zealand, and Switzerland.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 167 members and associates in 127 countries and jurisdictions, representing approximately 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

#   #   #

Over 40 participants representing 19 countries gathered in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, for IFAC’s Mentoring Insights – The Mentor Perspective workshop on February 17, 2012. The roundtable workshop brought together representatives from countries all over the world, including Australia, Canada, China, India, Kazakhstan, Nigeria, and the UK. Discussions centered around the drivers for undertaking mentoring; the areas in which support is most commonly sought; and the key success factors and challenges based on the experiences of those attending the event. The range of information gathered will be used to inform the PAO Development Committee Mentoring Program, and in particular the mentoring toolkit.

Below are some of the presentations given by attendees. The extended agenda for the event, Mentoring: The Path to Sustainable Development, and the Event Summary are also available.

In recent years there has been an increased focus on mentoring activity between professional accountancy organizations (PAOs) as a valuable way of sharing knowledge and transferring sustainable expertise. Recognizing the value of these relationships, IFAC member bodies around the world are working together through twinning arrangements, donor-funded projects, and a wide range of collaborative partnerships to support each other and less-established PAOs.

This is the executive summary for Investor Demand for Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosures:Implications for Professional Accountants in Business, which considers trends in investor demand for and use of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information, and recommends how professional accountants can better support their organizations in responding to these demands, and ultimately improve the management and reporting of ESG performance.

Ian Ball, IFAC’s Chief Executive Officer, recently attended the L'Institut des Réviseurs d'Entreprises’ European Study Day conference in Brussels, Belgium. Mr. Ball delivered a presentation on Auditing in the Public Sector, which details the societal role of the audit, the need for adoption of accrual-based accounting by governments and public sector institutions, and IFAC’s commitment to global convergence of international standards

The staff of the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) today released Professional Skepticism in an Audit of Financial Statements, a new question-and-answer (Q&A) publication that re-emphasizes to auditors the importance of an attitude of professional skepticism when performing their role.

“The IAASB’s International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) explicitly recognize the fundamental importance of professional skepticism,” states Prof. Arnold Schilder, IAASB Chairman. “Nevertheless, adopting and applying a skeptical mindset is ultimately a personal and professional responsibility to be embraced by every auditor. It is an integral part of the auditor’s skill set, is closely interrelated to the fundamental concepts of auditor independence and professional judgment, and contributes to audit quality. The auditor’s education, training, and experience are therefore critical. Audit firms themselves have an important role to play in cultivating a skeptical mindset in auditors, as do regulators, oversight bodies, and those charged with governance.”

“The public expects high-quality audits. While what that means depends on one’s perspective, a defining feature is the exercise of professional judgment together with a ‘healthy dose’ of professional skepticism by the auditor. A skeptical attitude enhances the auditor’s ability to identify and respond to conditions that may indicate possible misstatement due to error or fraud and critically assess audit evidence,” notes James Gunn, IAASB Technical Director.

The Q&A publication focuses on the requirements and application material in the ISAs and the IAASB’s quality control standard that are of particular relevance to the proper understanding and application of professional skepticism during an audit of financial statements. In addition, answers are provided regarding what audit firms and auditors can do to enhance awareness of the importance of professional skepticism, identify aspects of an audit where professional skepticism may be particularly important, and how professional skepticism can be evidenced.

About the IAASB
The IAASB develops auditing and assurance standards and guidance for use by all professional accountants under a shared standard-setting process involving the Public Interest Oversight Board, which oversees the activities of the IAASB, and the IAASB Consultative Advisory Group, which provides public interest input into the development of the standards and guidance. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IAASB are facilitated by IFAC.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 167 members and associates in 127 countries and jurisdictions, representing approximately 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

#         #         #

The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) today released for public exposure proposed changes to the definition of “engagement team” in the IESBA Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (the Code).

The proposals address comments received by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board on its Exposure Draft (ED) on ISA 610, Using the Work of Internal Auditors. A number of respondents to that ED pointed out the perceived inconsistency between the independence requirements for external auditors under the Code and the use of internal auditors to perform external audit procedures.

“Through this Exposure Draft, the IESBA seeks to ascertain whether the proposed changes to the definition adequately clarify the term "engagement team" and eliminate the perception that the Code and the ISA are in conflict. The IESBA believes this will contribute to more consistent application of the Code, which is critical to our mission to support the global adoption and implementation of the Code of Ethics,” said Ken Dakdduk, chair of the IESBA.

How to comment
The IESBA invites all stakeholders to comment on its proposals in the Exposure Draft, Proposed Change to the Definition of “Engagement Team.” To submit a comment, visit the IESBA website at www.ifac.org/ethics. Comments on the Exposure Draft are requested by May 31, 2012.

About the IESBA
The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) is an independent standard-setting board that develops and issues, in the public interest, high-quality ethical standards and other pronouncements for professional accountants worldwide. Through its activities, the IESBA develops the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, which establishes ethical requirements for professional accountants. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IESBA are facilitated by IFAC. Please visit www.ifac.org/ethics for more information.

About IFAC
IFAC is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 167 members and associates in 127 countries and jurisdictions, representing approximately 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

#  #  #

This IAASB Staff Q&A publication focuses on the requirements and application material in the International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) and the IAASB’s quality control standard that are of particular relevance to the proper understanding and application of professional skepticism during an audit of financial statements.

Presentation given by Giancarlo Attolini, chair of the Small and Medium Practices Committee to the IFAC Chief Executives Strategic Forum in New York, NY, February 27, 2012.