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  • PFM More Important than Ever

    Alan Johnson
    IFAC Deputy President
    ICAI Global Webinar English

    Good afternoon and good evening to the webinar participants from across the world. My name is Alan Johnson, Deputy President of IFAC, and it is an honour to be asked to make some closing remarks today.

    I would firstly like to thank the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India President Atul Kumar Gupta, Vice President Nihar Jambusaria, our many presenters and audience participants. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India is a very active and important member of IFAC, and it was a great initiative to hold this Covid-19 webinar today to discuss some very relevant matters in these challenging times.

    I am especially pleased that Dr. In-Ki Joo, President of IFAC, and Tom Seidenstein, Chair of the International Audit & Assurance Standards Board were able to participate today.

    I also thank the Indian and international speakers for taking time out on Easter Monday to share their views on the Impact of Covid-19 pandemic of reporting and assurance. We have heard from speakers from four continents, Asia, Australasia, Europe and North America, from colleagues in Korea, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Myanmar, Dubai, Australia, Spain, Ireland, UK, Romania, USA and Canada.

    The insights shared over these last three hours have been most interesting, and not least because of the diversity of geographic views.

    This shows the convening power of our global profession, coming together at time of need, to share our views from our different and various perspectives. This is the power of a global profession, willing to step up in our role to always work in the public interest.

    Today’s webinar made a few things very clear.

    • Quality audit, and indeed the work of our profession generally, remains as important as ever to the healthy functioning of global capital markets and economies.
    • Our work is as important to multinational industries as it is to small businesses and in turn to communities, families, and individuals.
    • All of us are facing some of the same issues around the world, albeit it in different ways
    •  We have an enormous opportunity and responsibility to avoid fragmented responses to our current situations.
    •  And, the only way we can truly fulfill our mission of acting in the public interest is by acting in coordination, not as unique entities.

     I have been most impressed with the response so far from the profession to our current situation. I see us responding quickly and decisively, and I encourage us all to stay the path.

    The challenges we all face from the Covid-19 crisis call upon our profession to do what we do best, which is to use our skills and expertise to advise and support governments, businesses both large and small, entrepreneurs, and members of society generally to plot the paths to recover from the serious impact of Covid-19 across the world.

    It is clear that the world was not prepared for a pandemic of this nature. Our risk assessments did not anticipate this satisfactorily, and where they did the mitigations were clearly not sufficient. What we must do is take some learnings from the situation we find ourselves in and ensure that we are better prepared for global crises in future.

    It is impossible to say how long the lockdowns will last, or indeed how much damage will be done to economies and livelihoods, and how long it will take to recover fully. But we do know that the damage is already significant across the world, and millions if not billions of people will be impacted significantly.

    There are a few points I would like to make in concluding the webinar today.


    1. First, our professional skills and counsel have never been more important. We need to help guide our governments, our businesses large and small, and indeed individual members of society in planning beyond the crisis to support a resumption of economic activity.

    2. Second, we are also going to see public sector financial management become more important than ever before, as governments around the world are called on to support their citizens in unprecedented ways and often without the infrastructure or standards by which to so. Again, this represents not only an opportunity for the profession, but a very important responsibility.

    We must continue to campaign for improvements in public sector financial management, including the adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards, to help governments have greater visibility of their resources and commitments and make decisions based on sound financial management to help them deliver better services to societies.

    Facilitating effective management of public assets has always been part of the mission of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board, or IPSASB, and they work closely with governments and other stakeholders to help facilitate the practical implementation of their standards.

    One thing clearly coming out of this crisis is that governments generally have not invested sufficiently in basic public services, partly because of a lack of resources or other political priorities.

    We need to focus carefully on the question of what role our profession should play in helping to enhance public sector accountability, and ensuring that investments are made to strengthen public services everywhere in the world.

    3. Finally, as we go forward, we need to focus on the learnings from this crisis, with respect to being prepared to manage global crises and our risk management processes need to be strengthened.

    We have an important role to help strengthen risk management, both in terms of helping governments and businesses to plan and prepare for extreme risks that are rare in frequency but are significant in impact.

    Before I conclude, I want to say that I am so glad that so many of us are able to be here today, albeit virtually, because it means we are healthy. At the same time I recognise how fortunate we are, and my thoughts go to all families across the world that have lost loved ones prematurely.

    There is no question that the heroes of today and tomorrow and, quite frankly, the foreseeable future, are the doctors, nurses, healthcare workers, researchers, scientists—everyone who is working to save lives and helping to protect us. We owe them an enormous debt of gratitude, a debt that we may never ever be able to repay fully.

    I am convinced that our global profession has never had such important role as now to support society in tackling this global challenge and helping governments and businesses navigate the path to recovery. Our professional competencies, a collection of technical knowledge and abilities, combined with our interpersonal behaviours, all underpinned by our ethical behaviour, are extremely relevant at this time. Never was more important our role as Trusted Advisors.

    We need to continue to focus in earnest on the work that we do, which will be equally important on the other side of this terrible pandemic: as governments need the mechanisms to provide financial support to public health systems and citizens; as economies start to recover; as businesses need cash flow to rebuild….we have to be there as partners and problem solvers with them.

    I have enjoyed following this webinar today, and I am proud that I am a member of a global profession that does so much good in society to make the world a better place.

    My thanks again to all the speakers, to all participants from around India and many other countries around the world. I do hope that we will be able to get through this crisis soon.

    Covid-19 has shown us that global pandemics do not discriminate and we are all impacted, some obviously worse than others, irrespective of our positions in society.

    I also hope that looking forward we will find ourselves in a world that is fairer, kinder and more compassionate.

    Keep safe and stay well!!

    Thank you.

    Alan Johnson Closing Remarks for the ICAI Covid-19 Global Webinar

  • IFAC Releases the Fourth Installment of "Exploring the IESBA Code"

    English

    IFAC today released the latest installment of its Exploring the IESBA Code educational series: The Conceptual Framework–Step 3, Addressing Threats.

    Exploring the IESBA Code is a twelve-month series providing an in-depth look at the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International Independence Standards) (the Code). Each installment focuses on a specific aspect of the Code using real-world situations in a manner that is relatable and practical. Readers will gain a better understanding of the thought process behind important aspects of the Code through storytelling and expert analysis from professionals involved in developing the standards.

    Previous installments of Exploring the IESBA Code looked at the Code’s five fundamental principles and key aspects of the conceptual framework, which is a specified approach that all professional accountants are required to use to identify, evaluate and address threats to compliance with those principles. Installment four focuses on addressing threats.

    A professional accountant can often come across complex or challenging situations that are not black and white. These challenging situations require ethical considerations, some of which are expressly dealt with in the Code. This  unique and informational series was developed by IFAC in collaboration with the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) to help explain how the Code assists in navigating some of these challenges.

    To read and download this and future installments, visit the IFAC website.

    Exploring the IESBA Code was published by IFAC and does not form part of the Code. It is non-authoritative and is not a substitute for reading the Code.

    For more information about the Code, please click here

    An Informational Series to Promote the Code of Ethics

  • Exploring the IESBA Code Installment 4 - The Conceptual Framework, Step 3, Addressing Threats

    This is the fourth installment of a 12-month publication series titled Exploring the IESBA Code.

    This fourth installment highlights key aspects of the Code’s Conceptual Framework which is an approach that all professional accountants are required to apply to comply with the five principles. The installment focuses on addressing threats.

    For more information about the Code, click here.

    IFAC
    English
  • Exploring the IESBA Code Installment 3 - The Conceptual Framework, Step 2, Evaluating Threats

    This is the third installment of a 12-month publication series titled Exploring the IESBA Code.

    This third installment highlights key aspects of the Code’s Conceptual Framework which is an approach that all professional accountants are required to apply to comply with the five principles. The installment focuses on evaluating threats and the concept of the reasonable third party test.

    IFAC
    English
  • IFAC Releases the Third Installment of "Exploring the IESBA Code"

    English

    IFAC today released the latest installment of its Exploring the IESBA Code educational series: The Conceptual Framework–Step 2, Evaluating Threats.

    Exploring the IESBA Code is a twelve-month series providing an in-depth look at the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International Independence Standards) (the Code). Each installment focuses on a specific aspect of the Code using real-world situations in a manner that is relatable and practical. Readers will gain a better understanding of the thought process behind important aspects of the Code through storytelling and expert analysis from professionals involved in developing the standards.

    The first installment of the Series looked at the Code’s five Fundamental Principles, which establish the standard of behavior expected of all professional accountants. The second installment highlighted the Code’s Conceptual Framework with a focus on identifying threats, while this third installment focuses on how to evaluate those identified threats.

    A professional accountant can often come across complex or challenging situations that are not black and white. These challenging situations require ethical considerations, some of which are expressly dealt with in the Code. The unique and informational series was developed by IFAC in collaboration with the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) to help explain how the Code assists in navigating some of these challenges.

    To read and download this and future installments, visit the IFAC website.

    The Exploring the IESBA Code was published by IFAC and does not form part of the Code. It is non-authoritative and is not a substitute for reading the Code.

    For more information about the Code, please click here.

    An Informational Series to Promote the Code of Ethics

  • New Report Reveals the Ideal Accounting Practices for Governments to Deliver Transparency for their Citizens

    English

    A report issued jointly by ACCA and IFAC, Is cash still king? Maximising the benefits of accrual information in the public sectornot only confirms that a complete public sector transition to accrual accounting will serve the public interest, but also contains 30 specific recommendations to improve accrual implementation. 

    Good decision-making requires the right information. Given that most government decisions have financial implications, understanding the economic reality of a government’s activities improves the quality of decisions made. By 2023, the number of countries reporting their financial position on an accruals basis is expected to increase from 37 to 98, jumping from 25% to 65% among 150 countries surveyed in the International Public Sector Financial Accountability Index.

    Cash accounting, which 75 per cent of governments around the world use in some form, does not present the most accurate picture of a government’s financial health, nor does it enable adequately planning for the development, delivery, and maintenance of the services, programmes, and infrastructure on which people rely.  And that, in turn, leads to a breakdown of trust in governments.

    The report’s author, ACCA’s Head of Public Sector Policy, Alex Metcalfe, said: ‘Moving to accruals needs to be more than a compliance exercise, it should be about making the best use of financial information.  The range of benefits highlight in this report demonstrates the clear upside to implementing accruals in the public sector.  We need to ask whether cash is still king, when it comes to financial reporting and budgeting.’

    ‘The accounting profession’s public interest mandate is nowhere more apparent than in the public sector, where high-quality reporting and budgeting is a prerequisite for government transparency and effective delivery of public services,’ said Kevin Dancey, CEO of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). ‘To the finance professionals and public sector decision makers who are leading the transition from cash to accrual accounting, we commend you and support you.’

    The benefits and complexity arising from accruals varies by types of adoption. The report notes that:

    • Cash accounting and budgeting is the simplest basis but provides the least decision-useful information.
    • Accrual accounting combined with cash budgeting is the most complex basis, but it generates information that helps achieve value for money, facilitates public scrutiny, and supports sustainable decision-making.
    • Accrual accounting and accrual budgeting creates a ‘medium level of complexity’ and creates consistency. In addition to realising the benefits from implementing accrual accounting, this environment also puts finance right at the heart of decision making and allows governments to embed effective performance management.
    • New, decision-useful information generated by accrual implementation promotes the achievement of value for money and facilitates effective public scrutiny.
    • To produce decision-useful information, governments must set objectives; plan; engage stakeholders; create effective systems; and develop the right skills, including internal training beyond preparers.

    This report recommends that governments implementing accruals should be:

    • Directing independent fiscal policy institutions to assess contingent liabilities and produce recurring fiscal risk reports.
    • Implementing accrual budgeting to put finance at the heart of decision-making, while embedding performance management across government.
    • Planning to produce a fully consolidated balance sheet that provides a full financial picture of the resources and risks for the public sector. This must include State-owned Enterprises at the whole-of-government level.
    • Building political challenges into the implementation roadmap from the beginning (e.g., through a sunset clause requiring the eventual recognition of employee pension liabilities).
    • Including groups that provide a constructive challenge function to the reform, such as auditors and legislative committees (e.g. the UK’s Public Accounts Committee).
    • Deploying experts centrally to control consulting costs and support implementation across government.

    Kevin Dancey, CEO IFAC, added: ‘IFAC and ACCA are committed to supporting the adoption and implementation of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), which underpin public sector accrual accounting, and to developing a robust profession that implements and manages such systems. With 65 per cent of governments globally set to implement accrual accounting by 2023, we’re encouraged by the positive trend, and strongly support further adoption of accruals and IPSAS.’

    - Ends -

    For media enquiries, contact:

    Nadia Manuelli
    E: nadia.manuelli@accaglobal.com
    T: +44 (0)20 7059 5661
    M: +44 (0)7808 940139
    Twitter @ACCANews 
    www.accaglobal.com

    Geena De Rose
    E: geenaderose@ifac.org
    T: +1 (646) 277 9390
    Twitter @IFAC
    www.ifac.org

    Notes to editors:

    The number of countries reporting on the accruals basis represents 40% of the 150 countries included in the 2018 International Public Sector Financial Accountability Report.  The research evidence was gathered in three ways. Roundtable discussions were held in three countries (UK, Canada and Australia).  Semi-structured expert phone interviews were held with 12 experts in seven countries: Austria, Canada, New Zealand, Slovakia, Switzerland, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.  The face-to-face and telephone evidence was supported by a desk-based literature review.

    About ACCA

    ACCA (the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants) is the global body for professional accountants, offering business-relevant, first-choice qualifications to people of application, ability and ambition around the world who seek a rewarding career in accountancy, finance and management.

    ACCA supports its 219,000 members and 527,000 students (including affiliates) in 179 countries, helping them to develop successful careers in accounting and business, with the skills required by employers. ACCA works through a network of 110 offices and centres and 7,571 Approved Employers worldwide, and 328 approved learning providers who provide high standards of learning and development. Through its public interest remit, ACCA promotes appropriate regulation of accounting and conducts relevant research to ensure accountancy continues to grow in reputation and influence.

    ACCA has introduced major innovations to its flagship qualification to ensure its members and future members continue to be the most valued, up to date and sought-after accountancy professionals globally. Founded in 1904, ACCA has consistently held unique core values: opportunity, diversity, innovation, integrity and accountability. More information is here: www.accaglobal.com

    About IFAC

    The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of more than 175 members and associates in more than 130 countries and jurisdictions, representing almost 3 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce.

  • Is Cash Still King? Maximising the Benefits of Accrual Information in the Public Sector

    The foundation of good decision making is having the right information, especially financial information. There is a global transition underway, where governments are moving from a cash to an accrual basis for their financial reporting. This report offers lessons learned from jurisdictions that have implemented accruals, with the intention that this global transition to accruals creates real value and is more than a compliance exercise.

    IFAC
    English